Fig. 1

The preoperative CT (computed tomography) and postoperative MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) of a recurrent chordoma: the patient, male, 59 years old, chief complaint: trans-sphenoidal chordoma resection and radiotherapy for 6 years, right hearing loss accompanied by peripheral facial paralysis for 3 months. The tumor of sphenoid sinus, ethmoid sinus, and petrous apex region was totally resected via the endoscopic transethmoid–pterygoid process–sphenoid sinus approach and middle approach extended to petrous apex region